RIRS (Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery)
Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery (RIRS) is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat kidney stones and other conditions within the kidney. It involves the use of a flexible ureteroscope to access the kidney through the urinary tract. Here is a detailed overview of RIRS:
RIRS is typically indicated for:
- Kidney stones less than 2 cm in diameter.
- Stones located in areas of the kidney that are difficult to reach with other methods.
- Patients who are not candidates for more invasive procedures.
- Stones that have failed to be treated with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL).
Risks and Complications
- Urinary tract infection.
- Ureteral injury or stricture.
- Bleeding.
- Incomplete stone removal requiring further treatment.
- Discomfort or pain due to the stent.
Advantages
- Minimally invasive with no incisions.
- Shorter recovery time compared to more invasive procedures.
- High success rate for small to medium-sized stones.
- Can be performed on an outpatient basis.
Disadvantages
- Less effective for very large stones or complex stone burdens.
- Requires specialized equipment and expertise.
- Potential need for multiple procedures if stones are not fully cleared in one session.
